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Troubleshooting sensors, health issues and missing detections

Microsoft documentedDefender for Identity · Source checked 2026-10-22 · Not yet verified in tenant · Sources: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]

What it is​

Defender for Identity fails in four places: the sensor will not install, it installs but will not run or talk to the cloud, it runs but the DC is not producing the Windows events the detections need, or everything is green and a known-bad action still raised nothing. This article is the workflow for all four, in that order. Where Learn gives a log line or error code it is quoted so you can grep for it. Where Learn is silent, the article says so.

Most of the install and service material applies to the v2.x sensor, the classic package with its own services, Npcap and a Directory Service Account. The v3.x unified sensor runs inside the Defender for Endpoint agent as LocalSystem with no DSA, no Npcap and no sizing tool, so whole classes of failure disappear with it. The auditing material applies to both. See architecture and sensors for sensor types, deployment for the install, detections and response for the alerts, and the overview for where MDI sits.

Licensing and prerequisites​

  • An active Defender for Identity licence. Automatic Windows auditing configuration needs the licence, sensor v3.x and Windows Server 2019 or later onboarded to Defender for Endpoint.
  • Roles: Security viewer sees Health issues and thresholds. Close or suppress needs the Azure ATP workspace Administrator role. Thresholds and exclusions need Security administrator.
  • v2.x sensor: .NET Framework 4.7 or later, Npcap 1.0 or later with the MDI settings, outbound TCP 443 to <workspace>sensorapi.atp.azure.com with no TLS inspection, DigiCert roots in the machine store.
  • The DefenderForIdentity module on Windows PowerShell 5.1 or PowerShell 7.4 or later; on 7.4 import GroupPolicy with -SkipEditionCheck. Domain mode defaults to the PDC emulator and Set- needs rights to create and link GPOs.
  • A DSA (v2.x only) with Read on all objects plus List Contents and Read Property on Deleted Objects. The sensor service runs as LocalSystem regardless.

How it works​

The workflow runs top down. Each stage has one question, one place to look and one cmdlet or log that answers it. Do not chase "why no alert" while a sensor shows Start failed.

Stage 1, install​

Deployment logs land in the installing user's temp folder for an interactive install, typically %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp, and in C:\Windows\Temp or C:\Windows\SystemTemp for a service-based install. Three files matter: Deployer_YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.log for the whole process, Sensor_YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.log for steps, _001_MsiPackage.log for the MSI. Learn names four install failures by signature: 0x80070643 is network to *.atp.azure.com; NTE_BAD_ALGID is a certificate management client blocking the self-signed sensor certificate; System.UnauthorizedAccessException on Server 2019 with KB5009557 needs the installer run as SYSTEM; Unexpected token '"/quiet"' is PowerShell parsing. Running the installer from inside the ZIP also fails.

Stage 2, service​

Once installed, the sensor writes to C:\Program Files\Azure Advanced Threat Protection Sensor\<version>\Logs. Start with Microsoft.Tri.Sensor-Errors.log, note timestamps, then open Microsoft.Tri.Sensor.log at the same time for the sequence. The updater has its own pair, Microsoft.Tri.Sensor.Updater.log and Microsoft.Tri.Sensor.Updater-Errors.log. Files roll at 50 MB to -Archived-00000 and prune past ten archives, so on a busy DC the window is short.

The startup sequence explains the failure modes: gMSA password (v2.x), LDAP bind, then mutually authenticated TLS to the sensor API. Each hop has its own log line.

Learn's known issues give the line to search for in each case. CreateLdapConnectionAsync failed to retrieve group managed service account password means the DC is not in PrincipalsAllowedToRetrieveManagedPassword, or its Kerberos ticket predates the group membership (klist -li 0x3e7 purge or reboot), or Secure Time Seeding pushed PasswordLastSet into the future (new gMSA). GMSA password could not be retrieved [errorCode=AccessDenied] is the same family plus a "Log on as a service" policy that omits the gMSA. UnauthorizedAccessException on key Global means Performance Log Users. Stuck in Starting with performance data errors for .NETFramework, Lsa and WmiApRpl means NT Service\All Services lacks Log on as a service. ApplyInternal failed two way SSL connection to service is strong crypto not forced for .NET, or TLS inspection. LicenseInvalid is a proxy answering 401 or 403 instead of 407. "Failed to connect to service" is a missing DigiCert root. The table in Troubleshoot has the fix for each.

Stage 3, health issues​

Settings > Identities > Health issues has two tabs. Global issues are domain-wide: DSA credentials, password expiry, object, Configuration container and ADFS container auditing. Sensor issues are per server: Npcap, capture adapters, resource limits, service failed to start, NTLM and advanced auditing, AD CS auditing. The Troubleshoot table collapses the documented fixes.

Auditing issues are checked once a day per sensor or domain, so a fix takes up to 24 hours to clear. The three "not being analyzed" issues and "reached a memory resource limit" mean the sensor dropped input or restarted itself, so detections on that DC have gaps for that window. Those are capacity problems; the fix is the sizing table, not a service restart.

Stage 4, events and detections​

If the DC is not auditing, the detection that depends on the event cannot fire and no health issue tells you which detection you lost. Learn documents which audit subcategory produces which event, and warns that auditing only user objects gives incomplete coverage, but it does not publish a per-event-to-per-detection map. The table below is the documented subcategory map.

Event IDWindows meaningSubcategory or settingNote
4662Operation on a directory objectDS Access > Directory Service AccessOnly fires with a SACL on the domain root for user, group, computer, gMSA, MSA and dMSA descendants
4726User account deletedAccount Management > User Account ManagementDeleted Objects read on the DSA is the other half
4728, 4729, 4730Global security group member added, removed, group deletedAccount Management > Security Group ManagementSuccess and Failure
4732, 4733Local security group member added, removedSecurity Group ManagementSuccess and Failure
4756, 4757, 4758Universal security group member added, removed, group deletedSecurity Group ManagementSuccess and Failure
4741, 4743Computer account added, deletedComputer Account ManagementFailure not supported by the subcategory
4753, 4763Distribution group deletedDistribution Group ManagementFailure not supported
4776DC validated credentials, NTLMAccount Logon > Credential ValidationSuccess and Failure
5136Directory object modifiedDS Access > Directory Service ChangesFailure not supported
4697Service installed, security system extensionSystem > Security System ExtensionIn the audit table, not in the required events list
7045New service installedNone, System logListed under other required events
8004NTLM authentication with target serverThree Restrict NTLM security optionsChecked daily, raises its own health issue
1202, 1203, 4624, 4625AD FS credential validation and logonAudit Application Generated plus AD FS event auditing and verbose levelAD FS servers only
4870 to 4896CA revoked, issued, denied, settings changed, rows deletedAudit Certification Services plus CA\AuditFilter 127AD CS servers only
4624LogonLogon/Logoff > Audit LogonEntra Connect servers only

Event 1644 is no longer required; remove the NTDS registry values if an older guide set them.

When auditing is right and the sensor is green, three things still stop an alert. First, learning periods. The classic alerts reference lists eight alerts that learn before they fire: DNS network-mapping reconnaissance eight days, SAMR reconnaissance four weeks per DC, Golden Ticket encryption downgrade five days, suspicious additions to sensitive groups four weeks per DC, LDAP security principal reconnaissance 15 days per computer, brute force one week, over-pass-the-hash one month, suspicious VPN connection 30 days. Medium or Low on the Adjust alert thresholds page, or Recommended test mode, makes them fire immediately. Second, exclusions: global, per rule, or a Defender XDR alert tuning rule. Exclusions do not carry over when a detection moves to the XDR engine, so suppressions vanish and tuning rules hide. Third, coverage: a DC with no sensor, a standalone sensor without mirroring or forwarding, or a sensor that dropped traffic during a resource issue. Standalone sensors also collect no ETW, which costs several detections outright.

Configure​

Health issues:

  1. Defender portal > Settings > Identities > Health issues. Work the Global tab first; a bad DSA or missing object auditing affects every sensor.
Health issues page with the Global and Sensor tabs and the status filter. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0.
Health issues page with the Global and Sensor tabs and the status filter. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0. · captured 2026-10-22
  1. Select an issue for the details pane. Close it once fixed rather than wait for the daily check; Suppress for seven days when the cause is planned, such as a DC down for maintenance.
Health issue details pane with Close and Suppress. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0.
Health issue details pane with Close and Suppress. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0. · captured 2026-10-22
  1. Settings > Identities > Notifications > Health issues notifications for email recipients. Syslog notifications sends the same through one designated v2.x sensor, TCP or UDP, RFC 3164 or 5424, with a test button.

Sensor page:

  1. Settings > Identities > Sensors. Sensor status values: Start failed is no configuration pulled for 30 minutes, Disconnected is no communication for 10 minutes, Outdated is three or more versions behind, Unreachable is a DC deleted from AD without uninstall and safe to delete. Health colour is the highest open issue.
  2. Select a row for the details pane. Delayed update, v2.x only, is the 72-hour ring; v3.x updates through Windows Update.
  3. For a v2.x reinstall, Download onboarding package > Windows Server 2016 or earlier, copy the access key. It is used once at registration; Regenerate key does not affect installed sensors.
Configure the sensor page in the v2.x installer: install path and access key. A wrong or stale key fails here. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0.
Configure the sensor page in the v2.x installer: install path and access key. A wrong or stale key fails here. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0. · captured 2026-10-22

Auditing, v3.x: Settings > Identities > General > Advanced features > Automatic Windows auditing configuration. The sensor then sets audit policy, NTLM auditing, domain object and Configuration container SACLs, AD FS and Entra Connect auditing every 24 hours. It modifies an existing CA audit filter but will not create one, and GPO settings can conflict with it. It is also Learn's fix for v3.x auditing issues that persist after a correct manual configuration.

Auditing, manual: a DC-only GPO, Advanced Audit Policy Configuration, Success and Failure on Credential Validation, Computer, Distribution Group, Security Group and User Account Management, Directory Service Changes, Directory Service Access and Security System Extension.

Audit Security Group Management properties with Success and Failure. This subcategory feeds the 47xx group change events. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0.
Audit Security Group Management properties with Success and Failure. This subcategory feeds the 47xx group change events. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0. · captured 2026-10-22

NTLM: same GPO, Local Policies > Security Options, Restrict NTLM: Outgoing NTLM traffic to remote servers set to Audit all, Audit NTLM authentication in this domain set to Enable all, Audit Incoming NTLM Traffic set to Enable auditing for all accounts.

Restrict NTLM outgoing traffic set to Audit all. Without this, 8004 never appears and the NTLM auditing health issue stays open. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0.
Restrict NTLM outgoing traffic set to Audit all. Without this, 8004 never appears and the NTLM auditing health issue stays open. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0. · captured 2026-10-22

Object auditing: ADUC, domain Properties > Security > Advanced > Auditing, Everyone, Success, one entry each for descendant User, Group, Computer, gMSA, MSA and, with a Server 2025 DC, dMSA objects. Clear all, tick Full Control, clear List contents, Read all properties and Read permissions. Configuration container: ADSI Edit, CN=Configuration, Everyone, All, Write all properties, once per forest, only where Exchange is or was.

Learning period and exclusions: Settings > Identities > Adjust alert thresholds, and Excluded entities; Defender portal alert tuning for anything recent.

Adjust alert thresholds page. Medium or Low skips the learning period for the listed detections. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0.
Adjust alert thresholds page. Medium or Low skips the learning period for the listed detections. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0. · captured 2026-10-22

Verify​

  • Test-MDISensorApiConnection returns True on every sensor server. In a browser under the sensor's proxy context, https://<workspace>sensorapi.atp.azure.com/tri/sensor/api/ping returns the latest sensor version, or on older workspaces a 503, which Learn counts as success. A certificate error means the DigiCert root is missing.
Successful ping to the sensor API endpoint. Run it as Local System through PsExec when the proxy is set per account. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0.
Successful ping to the sensor API endpoint. Run it as Local System through PsExec when the proxy is set per account. Source: Microsoft Learn, CC BY 4.0. · captured 2026-10-22
  • Sensors page: every sensor Healthy, Up to date, none Start failed or Disconnected.
  • Health issues page: nothing Open on either tab. Auditing issues take up to 24 hours to close; close them manually once confirmed.
  • Test-MDIConfiguration -Mode Domain -Configuration All returns True; auditpol /get /category:* shows Success and Failure on the eight subcategories.
  • Microsoft.Tri.Sensor.log shows EventLogWatcher enabled [name=Security] after a restart. EventLogException: The handle is invalid instead is the DACL problem.
  • Advanced hunting: identity activity from every DC is landing.
IdentityLogonEvents
| where Timestamp > ago(1h)
| summarize Events = count(), LastSeen = max(Timestamp) by DestinationDeviceName, Protocol
| order by LastSeen desc

A DC with a healthy sensor and zero rows in an hour is a coverage gap. TODO: confirm in the dev tenant that DestinationDeviceName is the DC name for both NTLM and Kerberos rows.

Troubleshoot​

SymptomLikely causeFix
Install fails with 0x80070643, Failed to install MSI packageSensor cannot reach *.atp.azure.comFix firewall or pass ProxyUrl, ProxyUserName, ProxyUserPassword to the installer
Deployer log shows NTE_BAD_ALGID 0x80090008Certificate management client such as Entrust EESP blocks self-signed cert creationUninstall the client, install the sensor, reinstall the client
Install fails with System.UnauthorizedAccessException on Server 2019KB5009557 or hardened EventLog permissionsRun the installer as SYSTEM with psexec -s -i or a scheduled task
PowerShell silent install: Unexpected token /quietInstaller name not prefixed.\"Azure ATP sensor Setup.exe" /quiet NetFrameworkCommandLineArguments="/q" AccessKey="..."
Install error on a NIC teaming adapterWinPcap driverReplace with Npcap 1.0 or later per the technical FAQ
Server restarts after silent install.NET 4.7 install or installer needs it; norestart is not reliableMaintenance window; deploy .NET as a separate package first
Service fails to start, log says failed to retrieve gMSA passwordDC not in PrincipalsAllowedToRetrieveManagedPassword, stale ticket, or future PasswordLastSetSet-ADServiceAccount, then klist -li 0x3e7 purge or reboot; recreate the gMSA if the date is wrong
Service fails to start, UnauthorizedAccessException on registry key GlobalgMSA lacks performance counter accessAdd the gMSA to Performance Log Users
Service stuck in Starting, System log shows performance data access denied for .NETFramework, Lsa, WmiApRplNT Service\All Services lacks Log on as a serviceGrant the right in a DC policy
Sensor failed to register due to licensing issues, log shows LicenseInvalidProxy returns 401 or 403 instead of 407Allow *.atp.azure.com through the proxy without authentication
Sensor failed to connect to serviceDigiCert root missing in LocalMachine RootImport DigiCert Global Root G2, or Global Root CA for GCC High
ApplyInternal failed two way SSL connection to serviceStrong crypto not forced for .NET, or TLS inspectionSet SchUseStrongCrypto and SystemDefaultTlsVersions to 1 in both .NETFramework\v4.0.30319 keys; exempt the sensor API from inspection
HttpRequestException or SocketException, connection attempt failedLocalhost or TCP 443 blockedOpen both
Health issue Directory services user credentials are incorrectWrong DSA details, gMSA retrieval AccessDenied, Log on as a service missing, or a lingering DSA in a mixed v2 and v3 estateFix per cause; remove the DSA once no v2.x sensor needs it; ignore if it self-closes after gMSA rotation
Read-only user password to expire or expiredRegular-account DSARotate the password in AD and on the Directory services page; move to gMSA
Few or no alerts and activities, no health issue, log shows EventLogException The handle is invalidSecurity log DACL blocks the sensorAppend (A;;0x1;;;S-1-5-80-818380073-2995186456-1411405591-3990468014-3617507088) to the Security log access GPO, verify with wevtutil gl security
No network traffic received from domain controllerPort mirroring down, or RSC on the capture NICFix mirroring; disable Receive Segment Coalescing IPv4 and IPv6 on the adapter
Some network traffic could not be analyzed, or network configuration mismatch on VMwareLSO or IPv4 TSO Offload on the VM NICDisable-NetAdapterLso, set IPv4 TSO Offload to 0, add CPU and RAM
Some Windows events or ETW events are not being analyzedSensor over capacityAdd cores and memory per the sizing table; on standalone, forward fewer events or split DCs
Sensor reached a memory resource limitDC low on RAM, sensor self-restartedAdd RAM or add DCs to the site
Low success rate of active name resolutionPorts 135 or 137 closed from sensors, or reverse DNS zones missingOpen inbound 135 and 137 from sensors, enable reverse lookup zones
Sensor stopped communicatingFirewall change or long restart; keep-alive missed for 5 minutesCheck egress to the sensor API; suppress for planned maintenance
Sensor outdatedv2.x auto-update broken, or v3.x missing the Windows cumulative updateManual update then reinstall if still stuck; install the CU for v3.x
Sensor v3.x RPC Audit MisconfiguredUnified sensor RPC audit tag not appliedApply the tag, or install the September 2026 or later CU for sensor 3.0.10 where it is automatic
NTLM Auditing is not enabled, or Advanced Auditing not enabled as requiredGPO missing or overridden by a closer GPOSet-MDIConfiguration or the GPO settings above; v3.x turn on Automatic Windows auditing configuration
Auditing health issues persist on v3.x although auditpol looks rightManual GPO or PowerShell configuration, known issueEnable Automatic Windows auditing configuration; detections are not affected
Auditing for AD CS servers not enabledNo CA audit filter, or certsvc not restartedcertutil -setreg CA\AuditFilter 127 then Restart-Service certsvc
Entra Connect sensor: EXECUTE permission denied on mms_get_globalsettingsEntra Connect update reset ADSync DB permissionsRe-grant per the AD FS and Entra Connect sensor guide
Syslog or SIEM events ignored by a standalone sensorWrong format, missing fields, or timestamps without millisecondsMatch the RSA, CEF, Splunk or QRadar template exactly; QRadar needs agentless MSRPC collection
Workspace cannot be created, security group already existsGroups left by an expired workspaceRename the three Azure ATP groups with an old suffix, then create the workspace
Known-bad test raised no alertLearning period, exclusion or tuning rule, DC without a sensor, event not audited, or standalone sensor with no ETWCheck the learning period list, Excluded entities and alert tuning, sensor coverage per DC, then Test-MDIConfiguration

Gotchas and limits​

  • The self-signed sensor certificate renews every two years. If renewal fails the sensor stops communicating and the only fix is a reinstall.
  • Auditing health checks run once a day. You can be correct and still red for 24 hours, or broken for a day before you notice.
  • The health alerts reference has no "no Windows events" issue, but MC1455016 (August 2026) announced "No Windows events received from domain controller". It closes the gap where a DACL or audit regression used to be silent.
  • DSA selection is exact domain, parent, sibling, then round robin with gMSA first. One DSA needs Read on every domain in the forest; untrusted forests need one each; the default limit is 30 credentials. The local service fallback cannot do SAM-R or cross-domain LDAP, so lateral movement paths vanish quietly.
  • v3.x ignores DSA entries but validates them while they exist, so a mixed estate keeps raising the credentials issue until the last v2.x sensor is gone and the entry is removed. gMSA action accounts also fail on v3.x; see detections and response.
  • Hyper-threaded cores do not count in the sizing table and can cause health issues. The sizing tool is v2.x only and must run before any sensor exists.
  • norestart on the silent installer is not reliable. Treat every silent install as a possible reboot.
  • Registry and WinINet proxy methods affect every LocalService and LocalSystem WinINet consumer on the DC. Prefer the deployer exe or the cmdlets, and change the proxy with whatever method set it.
  • Health notifications by email and syslog are v2.x only, one syslog endpoint, relayed through a sensor.

Further reading​

My notes​

TODO: Sohail's notes after verification.

Changelog​

DateChangeSource
2026-10-22Drafted from Learn, with Learn images and diagrams[1]